57 Reports were rife: “Army of Refugees Flees to London,” New York Times, August 3, 1914.
57 He immediately organized: “Exiles Meet in London,” New York Times, August 4, 1914.
58 Strong persuaded: “Gold Cruiser to Sail Today,” New York Times, August 6, 1914.
58 “Wherever he sat”: Chandler, Benjamin Strong, 48.
58 “Jekyll and Hyde personality”: Interviews with Leslie Rounds, Committee on the History of the Federal Reserve System, Washington: Brookings Institution, 1954-55
58 If the Aldrich Plan of a single central bank: Interviews with William McChesney Martin Sr., Committee on the History of the Federal Reserve System, Washington: Brookings Institution, 1954- 55.
59 The salary he would receive: “Bank Head’s Pay $30,000,” Chicago Daily Tribune, October 27, 1914.
59 “Ben is not going to live” : Federal Reserve Bank of New York, “Biography of Benjamin Strong by his Son, Benjamin Strong.” 1978
59 Only the year before: Details of Strong’s apartment at 903 Park Avenue from “The Real Estate Field,” New York Times, January 15, 1914.
5: L’INSPECTEUR DES FINANCES
61 “There isn’t a bourgeois alive”: Gustav Flaubert quote from Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations, 527
61 It was the latest in a long chain: Berenson, The Trial of Madame Caillaux, 2.
63 the École Libre des Sciences Politiques: Zeldin, French Passions: Intellect and Pride, 343.
64 His family, minor gentry: Dutron de Bornier from Pierre Lyautey, “Eloge de M. Moreau,” Comptes Rendus Mensuels de L’Académie des Sciences Coloniales, Séance du 15 Octobre 1954, Paris, 1954. Joseph Marie-François Moreau from “Leur Vacances,” Le Petit Parisien, September 4, 1927.
64 Although the examination system had made: Zeldin, French Passions: Ambition and Love, 118.
65 To be chef de cabinet: For role of cabinets ministériel, see Keiger, Raymond Poincaré, 34.
66 “increased abnormally”: Brogan, France Under the Republic, 128.
66 “moral collapse”: Moreau, The Golden Franc: Memoirs, 17-18.
67 Over the next eight years: Moreau’s career at Banque d’Algérie from Pierre Lyautey, “Eloge de M. Moreau,” Comptes Rendus Mensuels des L’Académie des Sciences Coloniales, Séance du 15 Octobre 1954, Paris, 1954.
68 When he thought back: Moreau, The Golden Franc: Memoirs,12.
68 It was there: Jacques Rueff. “Preface to the French Edition,” in Moreau, The Golden Franc: Memoirs, 2.
68 In any other year: Adam, Paris Sees It Through, 15.
68 “to keep it exciting”: “Leur Vacances,” Le Petit Parisien, September 4, 1927, and Giscard D’Estaing, Edmond, “Notice sue Emile Moreau,” Comptes Rendus Mensuels de L’Académie des Sciences Coloniales: Séance du 1 Decembre 1950, Paris, 1950.
69 “Brawls were now breaking”: Adam, Paris Sees It Through, 12-13.
69 At the first sign: “French Gold Famine,” Times, July 30, 1914.
69 That afternoon: Le Figaro, July 31, 1914
70 “All classes of society”: “Vanished Gold,” Times, August 1, 1914.
70 “immense and perilous duties,” “formidable test,” “calmness, vigilance, initiative,” and “all [his] authority”: “Circulaire Bleu” from the Banque de France, Le Patrimonie, 423.
71 An hour later: “Paris Has Given Up All Hope of Peace, ” New York Times, August 2, 1914.
71 Within days of the outbreak: Cronin, Paris on the Eve, 441-42, and Adam, Paris Sees It Through, 21.